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A geometry: it is equipped with a metric and is flat. A topology: there is a notion of open sets. There are interfaces among these: Its order and, independently, its metric structure induce its topology. Its order and algebraic structure make it into an ordered field.
There are many equivalent definitions of a category. [1] One commonly used definition is as follows. A category C consists of a class ob(C) of objects, a class mor(C) of morphisms or arrows, a domain or source class function dom: mor(C) → ob(C), a codomain or target class function cod: mor(C) → ob(C),
In the former case, equivalence of two definitions means that a mathematical object (for example, geometric body) satisfies one definition if and only if it satisfies the other definition. In the latter case, the meaning of equivalence (between two definitions of a structure) is more complicated, since a structure is more abstract than an object.
Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (GPS&V) [1] is a set of ISO standards developed by ISO Technical Committee 213. [2] The aim of those standards is to develop a common language to specify macro geometry (size, form, orientation, location) and micro-geometry (surface texture) of products or parts of products so that the language can be used consistently worldwide.
A class of groups is a set-theoretical collection of groups satisfying the property that if G is in the collection then every group isomorphic to G is also in the collection. This concept arose from the necessity to work with a bunch of groups satisfying certain special property (for example finiteness or commutativity ).
A class that is not a set (informally in Zermelo–Fraenkel) is called a proper class, and a class that is a set is sometimes called a small class. For instance, the class of all ordinal numbers , and the class of all sets, are proper classes in many formal systems.
When the theory was put on an organised basis around 1950 (with the definitions reduced to homotopy theory) it became clear that the most fundamental characteristic classes known at that time (the Stiefel–Whitney class, the Chern class, and the Pontryagin classes) were reflections of the classical linear groups and their maximal torus structure.
A mathematical object is an abstract concept arising in mathematics. [1] Typically, a mathematical object can be a value that can be assigned to a symbol, and therefore can be involved in formulas.
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