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As a multi-component reaction, the Hantzsch pyridine synthesis is much more atom efficient with a simpler number of reaction steps than a linear-strategy synthesis.In recent years, research has looked to make this an even more environmentally friendly reaction by investigating "greener" solvents and reaction conditions. [15]
The Hantzsch Pyrrole Synthesis, named for Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch, is the chemical reaction of β-ketoesters (1) with ammonia (or primary amines) and α-haloketones (2) to give substituted pyrroles (3).
This was the first synthesis of a heteroaromatic compound. [24] [40] The first major synthesis of pyridine derivatives was described in 1881 by Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch. [41] The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis typically uses a 2:1:1 mixture of a β-keto acid (often acetoacetate), an aldehyde (often formaldehyde), and ammonia or
Hantzsch studied chemistry in Dresden and graduated at the University of Würzburg under Johannes Wislicenus. As a professor, he taught at the Universities of Zürich, Würzburg und Leipzig. The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis, [1] a multi-component organic reaction, is named after him, as is the Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis and the Hantzsch thiazole ...
The broad scope of the Kröhnke pyridine synthesis has made it particularly useful for the synthesis of poly aryl systems including pyridyl, thienyl, and furanyl moieties as well. The method tolerates a broad array of aryl substitiuents on both the α-pyridinium methyl ketone fragment and the α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and can thus ...
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