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  2. Amniocentesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniocentesis

    Amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling is necessary to conclusively diagnose the majority of genetic disorders, with amniocentesis being the gold-standard procedure after 15 weeks' gestation. [3] Transabdominal chorionic villus sampling is an alternative to amniocentesis if genetic diagnostic testing is to be performed in the first ...

  3. Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percutaneous_umbilical...

    PUBS provides a means of rapid chromosome analysis and is useful when information cannot be obtained through amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, or ultrasound (or if the results of these tests were inconclusive); this test carries a significant risk of complication and is typically reserved for pregnancies determined to be at high risk ...

  4. Elevated alpha-fetoprotein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevated_alpha-fetoprotein

    The resulting test report should specify the assay method and equipment used, and the report of a quantitative test should also provide a reference range for the test result. Many laboratories report reference ranges that are based on all other samples tested in that laboratory, necessarily including samples with abnormal AFP concentrations due ...

  5. Confined placental mosaicism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confined_placental_mosaicism

    CPM is diagnosed when some trisomic cells are detected on chorionic villus sampling and only normal cells are found on a subsequent prenatal test, such as amniocentesis or fetal blood sampling. In theory, CPM is when the trisomic cells are found only in the placenta.

  6. Echogenic intracardiac focus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echogenic_intracardiac_focus

    Amniocentesis is a test to check a baby's chromosomes. A small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains some fetal cells, is removed and tested. Amniocentesis is very accurate; however, there is a risk of miscarriage which occur in 0.5–1% of women who have amniocentesis. [2] Results take about two weeks.

  7. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolytic_disease_of_the...

    This blood test is non-invasive to the fetus and is an easy way of checking antigen status and risk of HDN. For patients in the United States, BillionToOne, Inc. based in Menlo Park, California offers a non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) called Unity that can used to determine the fetal Rh antigen for mothers who are Rh negative. Because Unity ...

  8. Prenatal testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_testing

    Therefore, about 208 women would be told they are high-risk, but when they undergo an invasive test, only 8 (or 4% of the high risk pool) will be confirmed as positive and 200 (96%) will be told that their pregnancies are normal. Since amniocentesis has approximately a 0.5% chance of miscarriage, one of those 200 normal pregnancies might result ...

  9. Triple test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_test

    The most common abnormality the test can screen is trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).In addition to Down syndrome, the triple and quadruple screens assess risk for fetal trisomy 18 also known as Edwards syndrome, open neural tube defects, and may also detect an increased risk of Turner syndrome, triploidy, trisomy 16 mosaicism, fetal death, Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome, and steroid sulfatase ...