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[154]: 24 A large majority of major firms in Korea became Japanese owned and operated as a result, with key positions reserved for Japanese. [154]: 24 Koreans were permitted to work in menial roles under harsh labor conditions. [154]: 24 Most of Korea's coal, iron, and crop production was shipped to Japan. [154]: 24
Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War, the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 was agreed in which Korea became a colony of Japan. Japanese officials increasingly controlled the national government but had little local presence, thereby allowing space for anti-Japanese activism by Korean nationalists.
Japan then began a process of absorbing Korea into its own sphere of influence over the course of several decades. [8] [9] [2] According to Kirk W. Larsen, by 1882, Japan appeared to be the preeminent power on the peninsula, even over Joseon's formal suzerain, Qing. [10] Japan's hegemony over Korea was further cemented by the Japanese victory ...
Korea then became a de facto Japanese colony from 1910 to 1945. Korean resistance manifested in the widespread March First Movement of 1919. Thereafter the resistance movements, coordinated by the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in exile, became largely active in neighboring Manchuria, China proper, and Siberia.
The treaty was proclaimed to the public (and became effective) on 29 August 1910, officially starting the period of Japanese rule in Korea. The treaty had eight articles, the first being: "His Majesty the Emperor of Korea makes the complete and permanent cession to His Majesty the Emperor of Japan of all rights of sovereignty over the whole of Korea".
The general public did not become aware of the division of Korea until around when the Soviets entered Pyongyang. [ 21 ] Meanwhile in Seoul, beginning in early to mid August, General Nobuyuki Abe , the last Japanese Governor-General of Korea , began contacting Koreans to offer them a leading role in the hand-over of power.
With the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876, Japan decided to expand their initial settlements and acquired an enclave in Busan.In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95, Japan defeated the Qing dynasty, and had released Korea from the tributary system of Qing China by concluding the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which compelled the Qing to acknowledge Yi Dynasty Korea as an independent country.
In 1910, as the result of the Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty, Japan annexed Korea, and all Korean people became part of the nation of the Empire of Japan by law and received Japanese citizenship. In the 1920s, the demand for labor in Japan was high while Koreans had difficulty finding jobs in the Korean peninsula .