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An illustration of several key components in a typical four-stroke engine. For a four-stroke engine, key parts of the engine include the crankshaft (purple), connecting rod (orange), one or more camshafts (red and blue), and valves. For a two-stroke engine, there may simply be an exhaust outlet and fuel inlet instead of a valve system.
The original design of the small-block remained remarkably unchanged for its production run, which began in 1954 and ended, in passenger vehicles, in 2003. The engine is still being built today for many aftermarket applications, both to replace worn-out older engines and also by many builders as high-performance applications.
This was the same engine used for the second-generation Cadillac Escalade and GMC Yukon Denali. Chevrolet and GMC advertised this engine as the "Vortec High Output" and later as the "VortecMAX," while Cadillac called it the "HO 6000." The SS came with a standard all-wheel drive setup with a 4.10 final drive gear ratio and 4-wheel disc brakes.
The standard engine for the C3500HD was the 5.7 L V8 with the 7.4 L V8 as an option; the 6.5 L turbodiesel was introduced as an option for 1992. [12] The engines were paired to the 4L80E 4-speed OD automatic and the NV4500 5-speed manual transmissions, the latter being the sole transmission option for the 5.7 L V8.
The engine models are identified by the cylinder bore diameter in centimeters, which as of 2024 range from 20 to 46 centimetres (7.9 to 18.1 inches). The smallest engine series, Wärtsilä 20, produces a modest 200 to 220 kW (270 to 300 hp) per cylinder and is available in inline configurations from 4 to 9 cylinders.
SOHC (A different Brazilian based engine was used in the Chevrolet Chevette) 1980–2014 Family II SOHC/DOHC (designed by Opel) [16] [17] [18] 1981–2003 GM 122/Vortec 2200; 1981–2009 Saab H (acquired as part of Saab's merger into GM) 1982–present Family 1 SOHC/DOHC (designed by Opel) [19] 1987–2001 Quad 4 DOHC (produced by Oldsmobile)
GMC replaced the Pontiac 223 with their own 228-cubic-inch (3.7 L) 228 in 1939. This OHV (overhead valve) engine was produced through 1953. With a cylinder bore of 3.5625 inches (90.49 mm), this is the smallest low-deck engine. All four low-deck engines have a stroke of 3.8125 inches (96.84 mm) and used 7 inch long connecting rods.
Beginning in 2001, GMC offered the same turbocharged diesel Duramax V8 engines as were available in similar Chevrolet trucks. The engine family was co-developed by GM Powertrain and Isuzu, and has gone through numerous iterations through the years. Duramax engines are paired with a heavy-duty automatic transmission from GM's Allison division. [4]
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