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The cognitive map is generated from a number of sources, both from the visual system and elsewhere. Much of the cognitive map is created through self-generated movement cues. Inputs from senses like vision, proprioception, olfaction, and hearing are all used to deduce a person's location within their environment as they move through it. This ...
In neuroanatomy, topographic map is the ordered projection of a sensory surface (like the retina or the skin) or an effector system (like the musculature) to one or more structures of the central nervous system. Topographic maps can be found in all sensory systems and in many motor systems.
Sense of direction is the ability to know one's location and perform wayfinding. [1] [2] It is related to cognitive maps, spatial awareness, and spatial cognition. [3] Sense of direction can be impaired by brain damage, such as in the case of topographical disorientation. Humans create spatial maps whenever they go somewhere.
Spatial memory is required to navigate in an environment. In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is a form of memory responsible for the recording and recovery of information needed to plan a course to a location and to recall the location of an object or the occurrence of an event. [1]
Spatial cognition can be seen from a psychological point of view, meaning that people's behaviour within that space is key. When people behave in space, they use cognitive maps, the most evolved form of spatial cognition. When using cognitive maps, information about landmarks and the routes between landmarks are stored and used. [2]
Place cells may also show directionality, meaning they will only fire in a certain location when travelling in a particular direction. [8] [26] [27] An example of place cell remapping, with the location of the place field of cell 1 changing between environment, and cell 2 losing its place field in environment 2.
A graphical or bar scale. A map would also usually give its scale numerically ("1:50,000", for instance, means that one cm on the map represents 50,000 cm of real space, which is 500 meters). Scale in the context of a map is the ratio between a distance measured on the map and the corresponding distance as measured on the ground.
Dorsal and ventral: In animals with linear nervous systems, the term dorsal (from the Latin dorsum, meaning "back") is synonymous with superior and the term ventral (from the Latin venter, meaning "belly") is synonymous with inferior. In humans, however, the terminology differs on either side of the midbrain-diencephalic junction.