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While modern firearms are generally referred to by the name of the cartridge the gun is chambered for, they are still categorized together based on bore diameter. [citation needed] For example, a firearm might be described as a "30 caliber rifle", which could accommodate any of a wide range of cartridges using a roughly 0.30 inches (7.6 mm) projectile; or as a "22 rimfire", referring to any ...
For projectiles in unpowered flight, its velocity is highest at leaving the muzzle and drops off steadily because of air resistance.Projectiles traveling less than the speed of sound (about 340 m/s (1,100 ft/s) in dry air at sea level) are subsonic, while those traveling faster are supersonic and thus can travel a substantial distance and even hit a target before a nearby observer hears the ...
The Taylor KO factor multiplies bullet mass (measured in grains) by muzzle velocity (measured in feet per second) by bullet diameter (measured in inches) and then divides the product by 7,000, converting the value from grains to pounds and giving a numerical value from 0 to ~150 for normal hunting cartridges.
Projectiles are described by a ballistic coefficient, or BC, which combines the air resistance of the bullet shape (the drag coefficient) and its sectional density (a function of mass and bullet diameter). The deceleration due to drag that a projectile with mass m, velocity v, and diameter d will experience is proportional to 1/BC, 1/m, v² and ...
Example of a ballistic table for a given 7.62×51mm NATO load. Bullet drop and wind drift are shown both in mrad and MOA.. A ballistic table or ballistic chart, also known as the data of previous engagements (DOPE) chart, is a reference data chart used in long-range shooting to predict the trajectory of a projectile and compensate for physical effects of gravity and wind drift, in order to ...
When hunting on private land, virtually all centerfire cartridges with a bullet diameter of at least .243 in (6.2 mm) are legal. On public land, state regulations mandate minimum and maximum case lengths of 1.16 inches (29 mm) and 1.8 inches (46 mm) respectively, plus a minimum bullet diameter of .357 in (9.1 mm), but do not mandate a specific ...
A larger diameter bullet also means more space is required to store the ammunition, which means either bulkier guns or smaller magazine capacities. The common trade-off when comparing .45 ACP, .40 S&W, and 9×19mm pistols is a 7- to 14-round capacity in the .45 ACP versus a 10- to 16-round capacity in the .40 S&W versus a 13- to 19-round ...
In the revolver division major scoring can be achieved with a 9 mm bullet diameter, but with a power factor of 170. A popular cartridge in revolver is the .45 ACP since it is easier to use with speed loaders. From 2017, revolvers with a capacity of seven rounds or more are scored with minor power factor.