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Matejko was born on 24 June 1838, in the Free City of Kraków. [2] His father, Franciszek Ksawery Matejko (Czech: František Xaver Matějka) (born 1789 or 13 January 1793, died 26 October 1860), a Czech from the village of Roudnice, was a graduate of the Hradec Králové school who later became a tutor and music teacher. [2]
The Constitution of 3 May 1791 [a] (Polish: Konstytucja 3 Maja 1791 roku) is an 1891 Romantic oil painting on canvas by the Polish artist Jan Matejko.It is a large piece, and one of Matejko's best known.
On the canvas, Matejko depicted Kleparski Square, filled with crowds of people.In the background, the buildings of Krakow, flooded with the light of the rising sun, are shown: on the right, the Barbican, St. Florian's Gate and in the distance, the towers of St. Mary's Church, on the left, behind the gate there is the silhouette of the university collegiate church of St. Florian.
The interpretation of the painting was greatly influenced by Marian Gorzkowski's feuilleton Hints to Jan Matejko's latest painting "Kościuszko at Racławice", finished in April 1888. [2] [3] Tadeusz Kościuszko is dressed in a fashionable uniform tailcoat, identical to that in Michał Stachowicz's painting Kościuszko's Oath on the Main Square.
The Constitution of 3 May 1791 reflected Enlightenment influences, including Rousseau's concept of the social contract and Montesquieu's advocacy of a balance of powers among three branches of government—legislative, executive, and judicial—and of a bicameral legislature.
Matejko went beyond portraying the glory of a historical event and attempted to convey hints of how the country's history would play out in the future. This event was merely a hollow victory that failed to secure Poland's future. [6] Matejko shows that the homage was an empty gesture and that it was Prussia that exploited it rather than Poland. [6]
Rejtan, or the Fall of Poland (Polish: Rejtan. Upadek Polski) is an oil painting by the Polish artist Jan Matejko, finished in 1866, depicting the protest of Tadeusz Rejtan (lower right) against the First Partition of Poland during the Partition Sejm of 1773.
A committee consisting of Jan Matejko, Władysław Łuszczkiewicz, Józef Kremer, Paweł Popiel and Teofil Żebrawski was established in 1868 to determine the costs and scope of work. [4] The works started on 13 May 1869 and continued till 19 November of the same year. [5]