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In Lacanianism, demand (French: demande) is the way in which instinctive needs are alienated through language and signification. [1] The concept of demand was developed by Lacan—outside of Freudian theory—in conjunction with need and desire in order to account for the role of speech in human aspirations, [2] and forms part of the Lacanian opposition to the approach to language acquisition ...
The first two drives relate to demand and the last two to desire. The notion of dualism is maintained throughout Freud's various reformulations of the drive-theory. From the initial opposition between sexual drives and ego-drives (self-preservation) to the final opposition between the life drives (Lebenstriebe) and the death drives (Todestriebe ...
Lacanianism or Lacanian psychoanalysis is a theoretical system that explains the mind, behaviour, and culture through a structuralist and post-structuralist extension of classical psychoanalysis, initiated by the work of Jacques Lacan from the 1950s to the 1980s.
Explicit or implicit communication – any communication between the participant and experimenter, whether it be verbal or non-verbal, that may influence their perception of the experiment. Weber and Cook have described some demand characteristics as involving the participant taking on a role in the experiment. These roles include:
Psychologists first noted the difference between consumers' WTP and WTA as early as the 1960s. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] The term endowment effect however was first explicitly coined in 1980 by the economist Richard Thaler in reference to the under-weighting of opportunity costs as well as the inertia introduced into a consumer's choice processes when ...
Sensenig & Brehm [7] applied Brehm's reactance theory [8] to explain the boomerang effect. They argued that when a person thinks that his freedom to support a position on attitude issue is eliminated, the psychological reactance will be aroused and then he consequently moves his attitudinal position in a way so as to restore the lost freedom.
Conceptual change is the process whereby concepts and relationships between them change over the course of an individual person's lifetime or over the course of history. . Research in four different fields – cognitive psychology, cognitive developmental psychology, science education, and history and philosophy of science - has sought to understand this pro
Behavioral game theory, invented by Colin Camerer, analyzes interactive strategic decisions and behavior using the methods of game theory, [85] experimental economics, and experimental psychology. Experiments include testing deviations from typical simplifications of economic theory such as the independence axiom [ 86 ] and neglect of altruism ...