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Ceramic shell casting techniques using silica, zirconia and other refractory materials are currently used by the metal parts industry for 'net casting', forming precision shell moulds for molten metal casting. The technique involves a successive wet dipping and dry powder coating or stucco to build up the mould shell layer.
Zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2), sometimes known as zirconia (not to be confused with zirconium silicate or zircon), is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium.Its most naturally occurring form, with a monoclinic crystalline structure, is the mineral baddeleyite.
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) crystal structure. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is a ceramic in which the cubic crystal structure of zirconium dioxide is made stable at room temperature by an addition of yttrium oxide. These oxides are commonly called "zirconia" (Zr O 2) and "yttria" (Y 2 O 3), hence the name.
Corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys is enhanced by intentional development of thicker passivation layer of black lustrous zirconium oxide. Nitride coatings might also be used. Whereas there is no consensus on whether zirconium and zirconium alloy have the same oxidation rate, Zircaloys 2 and 4 do behave very similarly in this respect.
Zirconium diboride (ZrB 2) is a highly covalent refractory ceramic material with a hexagonal crystal structure. ZrB 2 is an ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) with a melting point of 3246 °C.
Another technique first applied to quartz and topaz has also been adapted to cubic zirconia: An iridescent effect created by vacuum-sputtering onto finished stones an extremely thin layer of a precious metal (typically gold), or certain metal oxides, metal nitrides, or other coatings. [14] This material is marketed as "mystic" by many dealers.
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Uranium glass used as lead-in seals in a vacuum capacitor. Glass-to-metal seals are a type of mechanical seal which joins glass and metal surfaces. They are very important elements in the construction of vacuum tubes, electric discharge tubes, incandescent light bulbs, glass-encapsulated semiconductor diodes, reed switches, glass windows in metal cases, and metal or ceramic packages of ...