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Guidelines on the choice of agents and how best to step up treatment for various subgroups in hypertension (high blood pressure) have changed over time and differ between countries. A Comparison of International Guidelines on Goal Blood Pressure and Initial Therapy for Adults With Hypertension (adapted from JNC 8 guidelines [ 1 ] )
Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes – KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease [61] A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 is considered normal without chronic kidney disease if there is no kidney damage present.
However, there is an important lack of randomized clinical studies and recent guidelines (KDIGO 2017) have been recently released on the topic. Although it was previously considered, normalization of calcemia is not included in modern treatment goals since the advent of calcimimetics .
Renal osteodystrophy is defined as an alteration of bone in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). [1] It is one measure of the skeletal component of the systemic disorder of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).
Andrew S. Levey (born September 16, 1950) is an American nephrologist who transformed chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinical practice, research, and public health by developing equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (renal function), and leading the global standardization of CKD definition and staging.
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The National Kidney Foundation, Inc. (NKF) is a voluntary nonprofit health organization in the United States, headquartered in New York City. [5] Its mission is to prevent kidney and urinary tract diseases, improve the health and well-being of individuals and families affected by these diseases, and increase the availability of all organs for transplantation.
A 2024 clinical guideline recommended an increase dietary fiber intake, [132] with a minimum of 28g/day for women and 38g/day for men diagnosed with hypertension. [ 133 ] Increasing dietary potassium has a potential benefit for lowering the risk of hypertension.