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Capital budgeting in corporate finance, corporate planning and accounting is an area of capital management that concerns the planning process used to determine whether an organization's long term capital investments such as new machinery, replacement of machinery, new plants, new products, and research development projects are worth the funding of cash through the firm's capitalization ...
Long-term investments are to be held for many years and are not intended to be disposed of in the near future. This group usually consists of three types of investments : Investments in securities such as bonds, common stock, or long-term notes; Investments in fixed assets not used in operations (e.g., land held for sale)
Long-term liabilities give users more information about the long-term prosperity of the company, [3] [better source needed] while current liabilities inform the user of debt that the company owes in the current period. On a balance sheet, accounts are listed in order of liquidity, so long-term liabilities come after current liabilities.
Fund accounting is an accounting system for recording resources whose use has been limited by the donor, grant authority, governing agency, or other individuals or organisations or by law. [1] It emphasizes accountability rather than profitability, and is used by nonprofit organizations and by governments.
A fixed asset (also known as long-lived assets or property, plant and equipment (PP&E)) is a term used in accounting for assets and property that may not easily be converted into cash. [1] Fixed assets are different from current assets, such as cash or bank accounts, because the latter are liquid assets. In most cases, only tangible assets are ...
Current assets include cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments in companies in the process of being sold, accounts receivable, stock inventory, supplies, and the prepaid liabilities that will be paid within a year. [1] Such assets are expected to be realised in cash or consumed during the normal operating cycle of the business.
Cash equivalents are short-term commitments "with temporarily idle cash and easily convertible into a known cash amount". [1] An investment normally counts as a cash equivalent when it has a short maturity period of 90 days or less, and can be included in the cash and cash equivalents balance from the date of acquisition when it carries an ...
Investment decisions - Regarding the long and short term investment decisions. For example: the most appropriate level and mix of assets a company should hold. Financing decisions - concerns the optimal levels of each financing source - E.g. Debt - Equity ratio.