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Prince Tokugawa Yoshinobu (德川 慶喜, also known as Keiki; 28 October 1837 – 22 November 1913) was the 15th and last shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.He was part of a movement which aimed to reform the aging shogunate, but was ultimately unsuccessful.
The Tokugawa's clan symbol, known in Japanese as a "mon", the "triple hollyhock" (although commonly, but mistakenly identified as "hollyhock", the "aoi" actually belongs to the birthwort family and translates as "wild ginger"—Asarum), has been a readily recognized icon in Japan, symbolizing in equal parts the Tokugawa clan and the last shogunate.
The principle was that each daimyo (including those who were previously independent of the Tokugawa family) submitted to the shogunate, and each han required the shogunate's recognition and was subject to its land redistributions. [23]: 192–93 Daimyos swore allegiance to each shogun and acknowledged the Laws for Warrior Houses or buke shohatto.
The Tokugawa shogunate ruled by dividing the people into four main categories. Older scholars believed that there were Shi-nō-kō-shō (士農工商, Four Occupations) of "samurai, peasants (hyakushō), craftsmen, and merchants" under the daimyo, with 80% of peasants under the 5% samurai class, followed by craftsmen and merchants. [3]
Tokugawa Ieshige; 徳川 家重 (28 January 1712 – 13 July 1761) was the ninth shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. The first son of Tokugawa Yoshimune , his mother was the daughter of Ōkubo Tadanao, known as Osuma no kata.
Others, such as Matsudaira Munehide, were involved in diplomacy and foreign affairs. In the Boshin War of 1868 to 1869, when supporters of the Imperial Court rose up in the Meiji Restoration against the Tokugawa Shogunate, some fudai houses such as the Toda of Ogaki and the Tōdō of Tsu sided with the shogunate during the first battle at Toba ...
Later, Gosanke were deprived of their role to provide a shōgun by three other branches that are closer to the shogunal house: the Gosankyō. Even after the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and the abolition of the Edo-period system of administrative domains the three houses continued to exist in some form, as they do into the 21st century.
Tokugawa Ietsugu; 徳川 家継 (8 August 1709 – 19 June 1716) was the seventh shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1713 until his death in 1716.He was the son of Tokugawa Ienobu, thus making him the grandson of Tokugawa Tsunashige, daimyō of Kofu, great-grandson of Tokugawa Iemitsu, great-great grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and finally the great-great-great grandson of Tokugawa ...