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While there are more than two types of drainage systems employed in agriculture, there are two main types: (1) surface drainage and (2) sub-surface drainage. Crop yield (Y) and depth of water table (X in dm) [1] Figure 1 classifies the various types of drainage systems. It shows the field (or internal) and the main (or external) systems. [2]
In geotechnical engineering, watertable control is the practice of controlling the height of the water table by drainage.Its main applications are in agricultural land (to improve the crop yield using agricultural drainage systems) and in cities to manage the extensive underground infrastructure that includes the foundations of large buildings, underground transit systems, and extensive ...
In the same fashion, the well drainage requirement can be found from well discharge (Wel) in the geohydrologic water balance or the overall water balance. The subsurface drainage requirement and well drainage requirement play an important role in the design of agricultural drainage systems (references:, [4] [5]).
Subsurface drainage: Built by burying pipes underground to remove excess water from the soil profile. Subsurface drainage is widely used by farmers. It has many advantages: [5] It increases soil humidity and leads to better crop yields. It stops the accumulation of salts and gives farmers more flexibility to plant different types of crops.
Agricultural land drainage has agricultural, environmental, hydrological, engineering, economical, social and socio-political aspects (Figure 1). All these aspects can be subject of drainage research. The aim (objective, target) of agricultural land drainage is the optimized agricultural production related to: reclamation of agricultural land
Subsurface (groundwater) drainage for water table and soil salinity in agricultural land can be done by horizontal and vertical drainage systems. Horizontal drainage systems are drainage systems using open ditches or buried pipe drains. Vertical drainage systems are drainage systems using pumped wells, either open dug wells or tube wells.
SaltMod is computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge (hydrology) in irrigated agricultural lands, using different (geo)hydrologic conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground water for irrigation, and several cropping rotation schedules.
The water table may vary due to seasonal changes such as precipitation and evapotranspiration.In undeveloped regions with permeable soils that receive sufficient amounts of precipitation, the water table typically slopes toward rivers that act to drain the groundwater away and release the pressure in the aquifer.