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German Jewish passports could be used to leave, but not to return. On 4 June 1937, two young German Jews, Helmut Hirsch and Isaac Utting, were both executed for being involved in a plot to bomb the Nazi party headquarters in Nuremberg. [citation needed] As of 1 March 1938, government contracts could no longer be awarded to Jewish businesses.
It was required of the Gestapo to ban Jews from all parks to avoid the "automatic disadvantage" that the presence of Jews causes for the "German-blooded children". [4] The population of Jews in Leipzig dropped from 11,000 in 1933 to 4,470 by 1939. [4] Jews were forced from their homes to homes for Jews called "Judenhaus". [4]
The result of this policy was the flight of 60,000 Jews from Germany in 1933–1934, of which 53,000 ended up in France, Belgium and Holland. [14] The pinnacle of anti-Jewish legislation was the so-called Nuremberg Race Laws adopted on September 15, 1935. Jews were deprived of German citizenship; mixed marriages were prohibited.
In 1925 in Germany, 563,733 people, or 0.9% of the population, considered themselves as members of the Jewish religious community; the proportion fell to 499,682 (0.8%) under the influence of the Nazi persecution of Jews in the census of 16 June 1933. By 1939, the number of Jews in the German Reich had drastically decreased to 233,973 (0.34%).
The Jews of Germany were largely assimilated into the German society, although a minority were recent immigrants from eastern Europe. [2] [3] [4] During the period of the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1933, German Jews assumed an important role in the government of the country and held various positions in politics and diplomacy. Furthermore ...
As of 2021, over 85% of the global Jewish population resided in two countries: Israel and the United States. Additionally, 23 countries with Jewish populations exceeding 10,000 accounted for another 14%, while 77 countries, each with fewer than 10,000 Jews, comprised the remaining 1%. World core Jewish population estimates (1945-2020): [1]
All data below, are from the Berman Jewish DataBank at Stanford University in the World Jewish Population (2020) report coordinated by Sergio DellaPergola at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The Jewish DataBank figures are primarily based on national censuses combined with trend analysis.
As a result of the Nazi's rise to power, Leipzig's Jewish population decreased. The German Reich completed a population census on May 19, 1939, in which they determined that 0.5% of Leipzig's citizens were Jewish, where 4,470 were Jews by descent and 4,113 by religion. [14]