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  2. Pope Pius IX and the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX_and_the...

    On 29 July 1850, the Diocese of Oregon City was elevated to an archdiocese with Archbishop Blanchet continuing to serve as its first archbishop. [3] In 1850, Pius IX erected seats at Monterey and Santa Fe in the Spanish-Mexican territories recently added to the United States and in Savannah, Wheeling, and Nesqually, and made the Indian Territory a vicariate under a bishop.

  3. Pope Pius IX - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX

    Painting of Pope Pius IX, 1847. Pius IX was the last pope who also functioned as a secular ruler and the monarch of the Papal States, ruling over some 3 million subjects from 1846 to 1870, when the newly founded Kingdom of Italy seized the remaining areas of the Papal States by force of

  4. Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of...

    In 1849, under Pope Pius IX, it was renamed, first as the Papal Velites Regiment, and then as the Papal Gendarmerie Corps. It was charged with ensuring public security and passed from dependence on the Ministry of the Army to dependence on the Cardinal Secretary of State .

  5. Military in Vatican City - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_in_Vatican_City

    The Papal Gendarmerie Corps (Italian: Corpo di Gendarmeria Papale) was formed in 1816 by Pope Pius VII, originally under the name of Papal Carabinieri Corps. The unit was formed as a military police unit. In 1849 Pope Pius IX renamed it as the Papal Velites Regiment, and subsequently as the Papal Gendarmerie Corps.

  6. Palatine Guard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_Guard

    The Palatine Guard (Italian: Guardia Palatina d'Onore) was a military unit of the Vatican. It was formed in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, who ordered that the two militia units of the Papal States be amalgamated. The corps was formed as an infantry unit, and took part in watch-keeping in Rome.

  7. 1859 Perugia uprising - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_Perugia_uprising

    Regiments of the Swiss Guard attacking rebels, by Napoleone Verga. The 1859 Perugia uprising occurred on 20 June 1859, in Perugia, central Italy.The inhabitants rebelled against the temporal authority of the pope (under the Papal States) and established a provisional government, but the insurrection was bloodily suppressed by Pope Pius IX's troops.

  8. Papal Zouaves - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_Zouaves

    The Papal Zouaves (Italian: Zuavi Pontifici) were an infantry battalion, later regiment, dedicated to defending the Papal States.Named after the French zouave regiments, the Zuavi Pontifici were mainly young men, unmarried and Catholic, who volunteered to assist Pope Pius IX in his struggle against the Italian unificationist Risorgimento.

  9. Hermann Kanzler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Kanzler

    Hermann Kanzler (28 March 1822, Weingarten, Grand Duchy of Baden – 6 January 1888, Rome, Kingdom of Italy) was a German general who commanded the Army of the Papal States and was the arms minister during the reign of Pope Pius IX. He led Papal forces during the Battle of Mentana against Italian troops. [1