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A Buchan trap (alternative names: Bristol interceptor, [1] interceptor trap and disconnecting trap) is a device fitted in a domestic sewer pipe to prevent odours entering the pipe from the public sewer [2] and permeating the house, a common problem before individual plumbing fittings were separately trapped.
That pollution led the U.S. EPA to mandate major upgrades to the city's wastewater system. Requirements included building interceptor tunnels to retain the combined sewage and stormwater for ...
He and his colleagues, including William Haywood, designed an extensive underground sewerage system that diverted waste to the Thames Estuary, downstream of the main centre of population. Six main interceptor sewers, totalling almost 160 km (100 miles) in length, were constructed, some incorporating stretches of London's "lost" rivers.
Sewer solids deposition during low flow periods and subsequent resuspension during peak flow events is the major pollutant source for the first-flush combined-sewer overflow (CSO) phenomenon. [6] Sanitary sewage solids can either go through the system or settle out in laminar flow portions of the sewer to be available for washout during peak flows.
In the US, sewers back up annually an estimated 400,000 times, and municipal sewer overflows on 40,000 occasions. [5] [full citation needed] [6] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined that sewer pipe blockages are the leading cause of sewer overflows, and grease is the primary cause of sewer blockages in the United States. [7]
Combined sewer outflow into the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C. Ratcliff Beach CSO discharges into the River Thames in London [7]. These relief structures, called "storm-water regulators" (in American English - or "combined sewer overflows" in British English) are constructed in combined sewer systems to divert flows in excess of the peak design flow of the sewage treatment plant. [6]
Aerial view of Phase II of the McCook Reservoir under construction in 2023. The Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (abbreviated TARP and more commonly known as the Deep Tunnel Project or the Chicago Deep Tunnel) is a large civil engineering project that aims to reduce flooding in the metropolitan Chicago area, and to reduce the harmful effects of flushing raw sewage into Lake Michigan by diverting ...
In March 2020, Wellington Water reported the discovery of severe corrosion in the large main trunk sewer (the interceptor) over a length of 250 m in a section close to the treatment plant near Moa Point. [39] Work commenced on re-lining the affected section of the interceptor in April. [48]