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The IgA dimeric form is the most prevalent and, when it has bound the Secretory component, is also called secretory IgA (sIgA). sIgA is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, sweat, colostrum and secretions from the genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, prostate and respiratory epithelium. It is also ...
IgA: 2 Found in mucosal areas, such as the gut, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, and prevents colonization by pathogens. [44] Also found in saliva, tears, and breast milk. Early clinical studies suggest that IgA isotype antibodies have potential as anti-cancer therapeutics, demonstrating the ability to reduce tumor growth. [45] IgD: 1
Selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency (SIgAD [1]) is a kind of immunodeficiency, a type of hypogammaglobulinemia. People with this deficiency lack immunoglobulin A (IgA), a type of antibody that protects against infections of the mucous membranes lining the mouth, airways, and digestive tract.
Secretory component is a proteolytic cleavage product of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor which remains associated with dimeric IgA in sero-mucus secretions. [1] Polymeric IgA binds to the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and is taken up into the cell via transcytosis.
The nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and Peyer’s patches of the small intestine generate IgA immunity. Both use M cells to transport antigen inside the body so that immune responses can be mounted [6]. Because the mucosa surfaces are in constant contact with external antigens and microbiota many immune cells are required.
IgA antibodies are divided into two subclasses that differ in the size of their hinge region. [15] IgA1 has a longer hinge region which increases its sensitivity to bacterial proteases. [ 16 ] Therefore, this subclass dominates the serum IgA, while IgA2 is predominantly found in mucosal secretions.
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The antibody IgA is most commonly found in mucosal secretions such as tears and saliva, but it is rarely found circulating in the bloodstream. Around 15% of antibodies produced each day are the IgA isotype. [18]