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Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is a quantitative estimate of amniotic fluid [1] and an indicator of fetal well-being. It is a separate measurement from the biophysical profile. [1] AFI is the score (expressed in centimetres) given to the amount of amniotic fluid seen on ultrasonography of a pregnant uterus.
Amniotic fluid is removed from the mother by an amniocentesis procedure, where a long needle is inserted through the abdomen into the amniotic sac, using ultrasound guidance such that the fetus is not harmed. Amniocentesis is a low risk procedure, with risk of pregnancy loss between 1 in 1,500 – 1 in 700 procedures.
174 11576 Ensembl ENSG00000081051 ENSMUSG00000054932 UniProt P02771 P02772 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001134 NM_001354717 NM_007423 RefSeq (protein) NP_001125 NP_001341646 NP_031449 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 73.43 – 73.46 Mb Chr 5: 90.64 – 90.66 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, α-fetoprotein ; also sometimes called alpha-1-fetoprotein, alpha ...
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A biophysical profile (BPP) is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of fetal well-being involving a scoring system, [1] with the score being termed Manning's score. [2] It is often done when a non-stress test (NST) is non reactive, or for other obstetrical indications.
Abnormally elevated AFP in amniotic fluid can have one or more of many different causes: [citation needed] normal elevation. 75% of AF AFP test results in the range 2.0 to 4.9 MoM are false positives: the baby is normal. open neural tube defect; open abdominal wall defect; congenital nephrosis; others
The volume of amniotic fluid typically increases until 36 weeks and starts decreasing after 40 weeks in post-term gestations. [4] For this reason, discrepancies between fundal height measurements and gestational age can be a clinical indication of amniotic fluid abnormality and should be evaluated by ultrasound.
One method of performing a prenatal genetic test involves an amniocentesis, which removes a sample of fluid from the mother's amniotic sac 15 to 20 or more weeks into pregnancy. The fluid is then tested for chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and trisomy 18, which can result in neonatal or fetal death.