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  2. Nodal signaling pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodal_signaling_pathway

    The Nodal signaling pathway is a signal transduction pathway important in regional and cellular differentiation during embryonic development. [1]The Nodal family of proteins, a subset of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, is responsible for mesoendoderm induction, patterning of the nervous system, and determination of dorsal- ventral axis in vertebrate embryos.

  3. Scaffold protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaffold_protein

    Function of scaffold proteins [1]. In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways.Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signalling pathway, tethering them into complexes.

  4. Hippo signaling pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippo_signaling_pathway

    Several known upstream signals of the Hippo pathway such as mechanical stress, G-protein-coupled receptor signaling, and oxidative stress are known to play critical roles in cardiac physiology. In addition, Yes-associated protein has been shown to regulate cardiomyocyte fate through multiple transcriptional mechanisms. [41] [42] [43]

  5. Biochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry

    Proteins can have structural and/or functional roles. For instance, movements of the proteins actin and myosin ultimately are responsible for the contraction of skeletal muscle. One property many proteins have is that they specifically bind to a certain molecule or class of molecules—they may be extremely selective in what they bind.

  6. Protein metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_metabolism

    Protein metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids (anabolism), and the breakdown of proteins by catabolism. The steps of protein synthesis include transcription, translation, and post translational modifications.

  7. Protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein

    The words protein, polypeptide, and peptide are a little ambiguous and can overlap in meaning. Protein is generally used to refer to the complete biological molecule in a stable conformation, whereas peptide is generally reserved for a short amino acid oligomers often lacking a stable 3D structure. But the boundary between the two is not well ...

  8. Two-component regulatory system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-component_regulatory...

    Two-component systems accomplish signal transduction through the phosphorylation of a response regulator (RR) by a histidine kinase (HK). Histidine kinases are typically homodimeric transmembrane proteins containing a histidine phosphotransfer domain and an ATP binding domain, though there are reported examples of histidine kinases in the atypical HWE and HisKA2 families that are not ...

  9. Microtubule-associated protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule-associated_protein

    In cell biology, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are proteins that interact with the microtubules of the cellular cytoskeleton. MAPs are integral to the stability of the cell and its internal structures and the transport of components within the cell.