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When testing wood in lumber form, the Janka test is always carried out on wood from the tree trunk (known as the heartwood), and the standard sample (according to ASTM D143) is at 12% moisture content and clear of knots. [3] The hardness of wood varies with the direction of the wood grain. Testing on the surface of a plank, perpendicular to the ...
Lignum vitae is hard and durable, and is also the densest wood traded (average dried density: ~79 lb/ft 3 or ~1,260 kg/m 3); [4] it will easily sink in water. On the Janka scale of hardness, which measures hardness of woods, lignum vitae ranks highest of the trade woods, with a Janka hardness of 4,390 lbf (compared with Olneya at 3,260 lbf, [5] African blackwood at 2,940 lbf, hickory at 1,820 ...
The common alder is the foodplant of the larvae of a number of different butterflies and moths [22] and is associated with over 140 species of plant-eating insect. [21] The tree is also a host to a variety of mosses and lichens which particularly flourish in the humid moist
NCSU Inside Wood project; Reproduction of The American Woods: exhibited by actual specimens and with copious explanatory text by Romeyn B. Hough; US Forest Products Laboratory, "Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Wood" from the Wood Handbook Archived 2021-01-18 at the Wayback Machine PDF 916K; International Wood ...
Native ash species, including white ash (pictured), have been declining rapidly this century due to predation by the emerald ash borer. [1]Silvics of North America (1991), [2] [3] a forest inventory compiled and published by the United States Forest Service, includes many hardwood trees.
Female alder catkins after shedding their seeds Alnus serrulata male catkins. Alders are trees that compose the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae.The genus includes about 35 species [2] of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species extending into Central America, as well as the northern and southern Andes.
Image credits: Photoglob Zürich "The product name Kodachrome resurfaced in the 1930s with a three-color chromogenic process, a variant that we still use today," Osterman continues.
The following table associates tree species, wood name and wood colour. The Dipterocarp timber classification system was developed by Colin Fraser Symington (1905-1943), a forester at the Malayan Forestry Service, and H. E. Desch, who researched comparative wood anatomy.