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[2] [20] Among cognitively disabled people, it is described with almost equal prevalence among infants (6–10% of the population) and institutionalized adults (8–10%). [2] In infants, it typically occurs within the first 3–12 months of age. [17] The occurrence of rumination syndrome within the general population has not been defined. [11]
Onset is usually confined to infancy and early childhood, [2] with peak prevalence at 18–36 months. [4] In rare cases, particularly where the child is severely mentally impaired, onset may extend to adolescence. [4] The classical symptoms of the syndrome are spasmodic torticollis and dystonia.
It may be a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [4] In infants, regurgitation – or spitting up – is quite common, with 67% of 4-month-old infants spitting up more than once per day. [5] Some people are able to regurgitate without using any external stimulation or drug, by means of muscle control.
[2] [4] People who are capable of "handsfree purging", or the induction of vomiting by the willful opening of the esophageal sphincter in a manner similar to belching, while contracting the stomach muscles, do not have Russell's sign. People who use a fork, spoon, or foreign object to stimulate the gag reflex may not display Russell's sign.
The best chewing gum for kids is one that’s sugar-free and contains xylitol. “Xylitol is a naturally occurring sweetener and can increase the saliva in the mouth and actually help to prevent ...
The shortcoming of laparoscopic esophageal myotomy is the need for a fundoplication. On the one hand, the myotomy opens the esophagus, while on the other hand, the fundoplication causes an obstruction. Recent understanding of the gastroesophageal antireflux barrier/valve has shed light on the reason for the occurrence of reflux following myotomy.
In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of the disease to medical or surgical treatment.
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