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Troponin T (blue) anchors the complex on tropomyosin. Troponin is found in both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, but the specific versions of troponin differ between types of muscle. The main difference is that the TnC subunit of troponin in skeletal muscle has four calcium ion-binding sites, whereas in cardiac muscle there are only three.
Troponin I, fast skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNNI2 gene. [5] [6]The TNNI2 gene is located at 11p15.5 in the human chromosomal genome, encoding the fast twitch skeletal muscle troponin I (fsTnI). fsTnI is a 21.3 kDa protein consisting of 182 amino acids including the first methionine with an isoelectric point (pI) of 8.74.
Tropomyosin dimers are composed of varying combinations of tropomyosin isoforms; human striated muscles express protein from the TPM1 (α-tropoomyosin), TPM2 (β-tropomyosin) and TPM3 (γ-tropomyosin) genes, with α-tropomyosin being the predominant isoform in striated muscle.
Cardiac muscle troponin T (cTnT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNNT2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Cardiac TnT is the tropomyosin -binding subunit of the troponin complex, which is located on the thin filament of striated muscles and regulates muscle contraction in response to alterations in intracellular calcium ion concentration.
Fetal Troponin T is a cardiac protein found in adults and infants. There are 4 Troponin T (TnT) isoforms found in fetal cardiac muscle. TnT1 and TnT2 which are also found in adult cardiac muscle. TnT1 are present along with two other isoforms. One of the other isoforms, a fetal cardiac TnT isoform, is also found in the fetal skeletal muscle.
Slow skeletal muscle troponin T (sTnT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNNT1 gene. [5] [6]The TNNT1 gene is located at 19q13.4 in the human chromosomal genome, encoding the slow twitch skeletal muscle isoform of troponin T (ssTnT). ssTnT is an ~32-kDa protein consisting of 262 amino acids (including the first methionine) with an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.95.
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The newer test detects different isoforms of the B subunit specific to the myocardium whereas the older test detected the presence of cardiac-related isoenzyme dimers. [ citation needed ] Many cases of CK-MB levels exceeding the blood level of total CK have been reported, especially in newborns with cardiac malformations, especially ventricular ...