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  2. Gnetophyta - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnetophyta

    Gnetophyta (/ n ɛ ˈ t ɒ f ɪ t ə, ˈ n ɛ t oʊ f aɪ t ə /) is a division of plants (alternatively considered the subclass Gnetidae or order Gnetales), grouped within the gymnosperms (which also includes conifers, cycads, and ginkgos), that consists of some 70 species across the three relict genera: Gnetum (family Gnetaceae), Welwitschia (family Welwitschiaceae), and Ephedra (family ...

  3. Gymnosperm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnosperm

    The gymnosperms (/ ˈ dʒ ɪ m n ə ˌ s p ɜːr m z,-n oʊ-/ ⓘ JIM-nə-spurmz, -⁠noh-; lit. ' revealed seeds ') are a group of woody, perennial seed-producing plants, typically lacking the protective outer covering which surrounds the seeds in flowering plants, that include conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae [2] The term gymnosperm comes from the ...

  4. Gnetum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnetum

    Gnetum is a genus of gymnosperms, the sole genus in the family Gnetaceae within the Gnetophyta. They are tropical evergreen trees, shrubs and lianas. Unlike other gymnosperms, they possess vessel elements in the xylem.

  5. Pit (botany) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_(botany)

    A simplified diagram of a bordered pit-pair with a torus and margo. The top shows an unobstructed pit and the bottom shows an aspirated pit, with the margo flexing under stress. The torus and margo are characteristic features of bordered pit-pairs in gymnosperms, such as Coniferales, Ginkgo, and Gnetales. In other vascular plants, the torus is ...

  6. Gametophyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gametophyte

    They have exosporic gametophytes — that is, the gametophyte is free-living and develops outside of the spore wall. Exosporic gametophytes can either be bisexual, capable of producing both sperm and eggs in the same thallus ( monoicous ), or specialized into separate male and female organisms (dioicous).

  7. Ephedra (plant) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephedra_(plant)

    Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs.The various species of Ephedra are widespread in many arid regions of the world, ranging across southwestern North America, southern Europe, northern Africa, southwest and central Asia, northern China, and western South America. [2]

  8. Pollen tube - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen_tube

    Cross section of ovule in gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperm pollen is produced in microsporangia borne on the scales of the male cone or microstrobilus.In most species, the plants are wind-pollinated, and the pollen grains of conifers have air bladders that provide buoyancy in air currents.

  9. Welwitschia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welwitschia

    Welwitschia is a monotypic genus (that is, a genus that contains a single recognised species) of gymnosperm, the sole described species being the distinctive Welwitschia mirabilis, endemic to the Namib desert within Namibia and Angola.

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