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The Keying was a Chinese ship that employed a junk sailing rig. Scale model of a Tagalog outrigger ship with junk sails from Manila, 19th century. The junk rig, also known as the Chinese lugsail, Chinese balanced lug sail, or sampan rig, is a type of sail rig in which rigid members, called battens, span the full width of the sail and extend the sail forward of the mast.
[8] [9] Eastern lug sail, which used battens and is commonly known as "junk rig", was likely not Chinese in origin: The oldest depiction of a battened junk sail comes from the Bayon temple at Angkor Thom, Cambodia. [10]: 460–461 From its characteristics and location, it is likely that the ship depicted in Bayon was a Southeast Asian ship.
A sampan is a relatively flat-bottomed wooden boat found in East, Southeast, and South Asia. It is possibly of Chinese or Austronesian origin. [ 1 ] Some sampans include a small shelter on board and may be used as a permanent habitation on inland waters.
Chinese sampan propelled by yáolǔ via single-oar sculling. Stern sculling is the use of a single oar over the stern of a boat to propel it with side-to-side motions that create forward lift in the water. [1] The strict terminology of propulsion by oar is complex and contradictory, and varies by context. Stern sculling may also simply be ...
The tongkang was one of the two traditional Malay ships using junk rig with local hulls instead of the Chinese Junk hull. Its hull design was more reminiscent of the dhow type used in South Asia and Western Asia than to the common Chinese or Far-eastern type. Besides the Junk Rig, the ketch rig was also used on the tongkang. [5]
Retana and Pastells considered the name derived from Hokkien Chinese: 船; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chûn, which means boat. [4]: 299 Paul Pelliot and Waruno Mahdi reject the Chinese origin of the word "junk". [5] [6]: 38 Instead, it may be derived from "jong" (transliterated as joṅ) in Old Javanese which means ship.
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The Chinese were using sails around 3000 BC, of a type that can still be seen on traditional fishing boats sailing off the coast of Vietnam in Ha Long Bay. A jangada is an elegant planked fishing boat used in northern Brazil. It has been claimed the jangada dates back to ancient Greek times. [32]