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The heart adapts to the increased cardiac demand that occurs during pregnancy in many ways. Cardiac output (Lit./Min.): 6.26; Stroke Volume (Ml.): 75; Heart Rate (Per min.): 85; Blood Pressure: Unaffected; Cardiac output increases throughout early pregnancy, and peaks in the third trimester, usually to 30-50% above baseline. [6]
[9] The CDC recommends that during pregnancy, the pregnant women should exercise 150 minutes each week specifically focusing on aerobic activity at a moderate intensity. [10] The acute physiological responses include an increase in cardiac output (CO) of the individual (increased heart rate and stroke volume).
Cardiotocography sound Schematic explanation of cardiotocography: heart rate (A) is calculated from fetal heart motion determined by ultrasound, and uterine contractions are measured by a tocodynamometer (B). These numbers are represented on a time scale with the help of a running piece of paper, producing a graphical representation.
A faster-than-normal heart rate. ... Infections during pregnancy, such as rubella ... Having a family history of early heart disease. Sex. People born male are at increased risk.
It is characterized by changes in fetal movement, growth, heart rate, and presence of meconium stained fluid. [4] Risk factors for fetal distress/non-reassuring fetal status include anemia, restriction of fetal growth, maternal hypertension or cardiovascular disease, low amniotic fluid or meconium in the amniotic fluid, or a post-term pregnancy.
High heart rate is associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased atheromatous plaque formation leading to atherosclerosis. [72] Faster heart rate may accompany increased production of inflammation molecules and increased production of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular system, in addition to increased mechanical stress to the heart.
The embryonic heart rate (EHR) then accelerates linearly for the first month of beating, peaking at 165-185 BPM during the early 7th week, (early 9th week after the LMP). This acceleration is approximately 3.3 BPM per day, or about 10 BPM every three days, an increase of 100 BPM in the first month. [18]
Although the proportion of pregnancies with gestational hypertension and eclampsia has remained about the same in the U.S. over the past decade, the rate of preeclampsia has increased by nearly one-third. This increase is due in part to a rise in the numbers of older mothers and of multiple births, where preeclampsia occurs more frequently.