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A diagram showing a cascade of three fixed-bed reactors (and three fired heaters associated with them). In chemical engineering , a cascade is a plant consisting of several similar stages with each processing the output from the previous stage.
A fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions. In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a solid granular material (usually a catalyst) at high enough speeds to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid.
Schematic drawing of a fluidized bed reactor. Fluidization (or fluidisation) is a process similar to liquefaction whereby a granular material is converted from a static solid-like state to a dynamic fluid-like state. This process occurs when a fluid (liquid or gas) is passed up through the granular material.
Algae bioreactor Representation of a bubble column reactor.. A bubble column reactor is a chemical reactor that belongs to the general class of multiphase reactors, which consists of three main categories: trickle bed reactor (fixed or packed bed), fluidized bed reactor, and bubble column reactor. [1]
A tubular reactor can often be a packed bed. In this case, the tube or channel contains particles or pellets, usually a solid catalyst. [6] The reactants, in liquid or gas phase, are pumped through the catalyst bed. [7] A chemical reactor may also be a fluidized bed; see Fluidized bed reactor.
A moving bed reactor has a fluid phase that passes up through a packed bed. Solid is fed into the top of the reactor and moves down. It is removed at the bottom. Moving bed reactors require special control valves to maintain close control of the solids. For this reason, moving bed reactors are less frequently used than the above two reactors.
The conventional heterogeneous catalysis reactors include batch, continuous, and fluidized-bed reactors, while more recent setups include fixed-bed, microchannel, and multi-functional reactors. [6] Other variables to consider are reactor dimensions, surface area, catalyst type, catalyst support, as well as reactor operating conditions such as ...
This process consists of four fixed bed reactors in series in which a syngas is converted to synthetic fuels. The steps for producing high-octane synthetic gasoline are as follows: [ 10 ] Methanol Synthesis : Syngas is fed to Reactor 1, the first of four reactors, which converts most of the syngas (CO and H 2 ) to methanol ( CH 3 OH ) when ...