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Prehistoric West Africans may have diverged into distinct ancestral groups of modern West Africans and Bantu-speaking peoples in Cameroon, and, subsequently, around 5000 BP, the Bantu-speaking peoples migrated into other parts of Sub-Saharan Africa (e.g., Central African Republic, African Great Lakes, South Africa).
Map of Central Africa: Dark Green: Central Africa (Geographic) Medium Green: Middle Africa (UN Subregion) Light Green/Gray: Central African Federation (Political: Defunct) The history of Central Africa has been divided into its prehistory, its ancient history, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and the post-colonial period, in which the current nations were formed.
Metalworking in West Africa has been dated as early as 2,500 BC at Egaro west of the Termit in Niger, and iron working was practiced there by 1,500 BC. [77] Iron smelting has been dated to 2,000 BC in southeast Nigeria. [78] Central Africa provides possible evidence of iron working as early as the 3rd millennium BC. [79]
Archaic traits found in human fossils of West Africa (e.g., Iho Eleru fossils, which dates to 13,000 BP) and Central Africa (e.g., Ishango fossils, which dates between 25,000 BP and 20,000 BP) may have developed as a result of admixture between archaic humans and modern humans or may be evidence of late-persisting early modern humans. [6]
Central Africa has also had high outbreaks of deadly diseases such as AIDS and Ebola fever, and has also experienced numerous “coups d’etat, prolonged civil wars, and even genocide.” [1] The first archaeological research was completed in the early 1900s. Modern studies began in the 1960s, and more systematic studies were completed from ...
Map of ancient Egypt, showing major cities and sites of the Dynastic period (c. 3150 BC to 30 BC) The ancient history of North Africa is inextricably linked to that of the Ancient Near East and Europe. This is particularly true of the various cultures and dynasties of Ancient Egypt and of Nubia.
In 2014, ancient DNA analysis of a 2,330-year-old male forager's skeleton in southern Africa found that the specimen belonged to the L0d2c1c mtDNA haplogroup. This maternal clade is today most closely associated with the Ju, a subgroup of the indigenous San people , which points to population continuity in the region. [ 68 ]
Common name Scientific name Range Comments Pictures North African elephant: Loxodonta africana pharaoensis: North Africa: Neolithic rock art indicates that the African bush elephant inhabited much of the Sahara desert and North Africa at the beginning of the Holocene, and Ancient authors wrote that it was present in the Atlas Mountains, the Red Sea coast, and Nubia until the first few ...