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It in used in bridge and tunnel construction. With respect to aircraft structure and design, ultimate load is the amount of load applied to a component beyond which the component will fail. The chance that it will occur is, however, not zero, and, if it were to occur, then the relevant structure in the aircraft would stand a large chance of ...
Live loads, sometimes also referred to as probabilistic loads, include all the forces that are variable within the object's normal operation cycle not including construction or environmental loads. Roof and floor live loads are produced during maintenance by workers, equipment and materials, and during the life of the structure by movable ...
A load case is a combination of different types of loads with safety factors applied to them. A structure is checked for strength and serviceability against all the load cases it is likely to experience during its lifetime. Typical load cases for design for strength (ultimate load cases; ULS) are: 1.2 x Dead Load + 1.6 x Live Load
A clear distinction is made between the ultimate state (US) and the ultimate limit state (ULS). The Ultimate State is a physical situation that involves either excessive deformations leading and approaching collapse of the component under consideration or the structure as a whole, as relevant, or deformations exceeding pre-agreed values.
The ultimate strength is the maximum stress that a material can withstand before it breaks or weakens. [12] For example, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of AISI 1018 Steel is 440 MPa. In Imperial units, the unit of stress is given as lbf/in 2 or pounds-force per square inch. This unit is often abbreviated as psi.
Ultimate bearing capacity is the theoretical maximum pressure which can be supported without failure; allowable bearing capacity is the ultimate bearing capacity divided by a factor of safety. Sometimes, on soft soil sites, large settlements may occur under loaded foundations without actual shear failure occurring; in such cases, the allowable ...
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Such loads may include pressure thrusts and the weight of materials. The predicted stresses and deflections are compared with allowable values that have a "factor" against various failure mechanisms such as leakage, yield, ultimate load prior to plastic failure, buckling, brittle fracture, fatigue, and vibration/harmonic effects.