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Scotland is geologically alien to Europe, comprising a sliver of the ancient continent of Laurentia (which later formed the bulk of North America).During the Cambrian period the crustal region which became Scotland formed part of the continental shelf of Laurentia, then still south of the equator.
The Scottish Enlightenment (Scots: Scots Enlichtenment, Scottish Gaelic: Soillseachadh na h-Alba) was the period in 18th- and early-19th-century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments.
This may relate to the end of the Allerød, a relatively warm period that lasted from c. 12,000 to 11,000 BC. This is the only find in Scotland to date from this early part of the Mesolithic. (S) [17] [18] 11,000–9640 Scotland-wide The Loch Lomond Stadial cold period. No evidence has been found yet of human activity in Scotland during this ...
The Scottish people or Scots (Scots: Scots fowk; Scottish Gaelic: Albannaich) are an ethnic group and nation native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged in the early Middle Ages from an amalgamation of two Celtic peoples , the Picts and Gaels , who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or Alba ) in the 9th century.
Loch Ness, at the north-east end of the Great Glen Fault, which divides the Highland zone.The thirteenth-century Urquhart Castle can be seen in the foreground.. The geography of Scotland in the Middle Ages covers all aspects of the land that is now Scotland, including physical and human, between the departure of the Romans in the early fifth century from what are now the southern borders of ...
Crannogs, which may originate in Neolithic Scotland, may have been rebuilt, and some were still in use in the time of the Picts. [65] The most common sort of buildings would have been roundhouses and rectangular timbered halls. [66] While many churches were built in wood, from the early 8th century, if not earlier, some were built in stone. [67]
Ettrick Forest, previously a hunting reserve was opened up for settlement in this period. The geography of Scotland in the early modern era covers all aspects of the land in Scotland, including physical and human, between the sixteenth century and the beginnings of the Agricultural Revolution and industrialisation in the eighteenth century.
For a short time Wallace ruled Scotland in the name of John Balliol as guardian of the realm. Edward came north in person and defeated Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk. [35] The English barons refuted the French-inspired papal claim to Scottish overlordship in the Barons' Letter, 1301, claiming it rather as long possessed by English kings ...