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The hardness may also be shown as XXX HB YYD 2. The XXX is the force to apply (in kgf) on a material of type YY (5 for aluminum alloys, 10 for copper alloys, 30 for steels). Thus a typical steel hardness could be written: 250 HB 30D 2. It could be a maximum or a minimum.
The strain hardening exponent is sometimes regarded as a constant and occurs in forging and forming calculations as well as ... Aluminum 6061–T6: 0.05: 410 Aluminum ...
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6061 aluminium alloy (Unified Numbering System (UNS) designation A96061) is a precipitation-hardened aluminium alloy, containing magnesium and silicon as its major alloying elements. Originally called "Alloy 61S", it was developed in 1935. [ 2 ]
A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels .
The retrogression and reage (RRA) temper is a multistage heat treatment temper. Starting with a sheet in the T6 temper, it involves overaging past peak hardness (T6 temper) to near the T7 temper. A subsequent reaging at 120 °C for 24 hours returns the hardness and strength to or very nearly to T6 temper levels. [10]
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After time, the indenter on a Rockwell scale can become inaccurate as well and need replacing to ensure accurate and precise hardness measurements. [ 14 ] The equation for Rockwell Hardness is H R = N − h ∗ d {\displaystyle HR=N-h*d} , where d is the depth in mm (from the zero load point), and N and h are scale factors that depend on the ...