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  2. Viral protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_protein

    In DNA viruses and retroviruses, viral regulatory proteins can enhance viral gene transcription, likewise, these proteins can also enhance host cellular gene transcription too. [ 11 ] Viral accessory proteins, also known as auxiliary proteins, are coded for by the genome of retroviruses. [ 12 ]

  3. Viral replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_replication

    It is the first step of viral replication. Some viruses attach to the cell membrane of the host cell and inject its DNA or RNA into the host to initiate infection. Attachment to a host cell is often achieved by a virus attachment protein that extends from the protein shell (), of a virus.

  4. Viral envelope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_envelope

    A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. [1] It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from an infected host cell.

  5. Introduction to viruses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_viruses

    When a virus infects a cell, the virus forces it to make thousands more viruses. It does this by making the cell copy the virus's DNA or RNA, making viral proteins, which all assemble to form new virus particles. [37] There are six basic, overlapping stages in the life cycle of viruses in living cells: [38]

  6. DNA virus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_virus

    Orthopoxvirus particles. A DNA virus is a virus that has a genome made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is replicated by a DNA polymerase.They can be divided between those that have two strands of DNA in their genome, called double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and those that have one strand of DNA in their genome, called single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. dsDNA viruses primarily belong ...

  7. Nucleoprotein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoprotein

    A deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) is a complex of DNA and protein. [12] The prototypical examples are nucleosomes, complexes in which genomic DNA is wrapped around clusters of eight histone proteins in eukaryotic cell nuclei to form chromatin. Protamines replace histones during spermatogenesis.

  8. Early protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_protein

    The classification of viral proteins as early proteins or late proteins depends on their relationship with genome replication. While many viruses (such as HIV ) [1] are described as expressing early and late proteins, this definition of these terms is commonly reserved for class I DNA viruses .

  9. Viral matrix protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_matrix_protein

    An example is the M1 protein of the influenza virus, showing affinity to the glycoproteins inserted in the host cell membrane on one side and affinity for the RNP complex molecules on the other side, which allows formation at the membrane of a complex made of the viral ribonucleoprotein at the inner side indirectly connected to the viral ...

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