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Both chiasmus and antimetabole can be used to reinforce antithesis. [6] In chiasmus, the clauses display inverted parallelism.Chiasmus was particularly popular in the literature of the ancient world, including Hebrew, Greek, Latin and K'iche' Maya, [7] where it was used to articulate the balance of order within the text.
In rhetoric, antimetabole (/ æ n t ɪ m ə ˈ t æ b ə l iː / AN-ti-mə-TAB-ə-lee) is the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in transposed order; for example, "I know what I like, and I like what I know". It is related to, and sometimes considered a special case of, chiasmus. An antimetabole can be predictive, because it is easy ...
The verse contains 9 sentences which exhibit chiasmus, but perhaps more interesting is that it is found in the longest chapter of the Quran, Al-Baqara, which itself contains a fractal chiastic structure in its 286 verses, i.e. where each (outer) chiasm is composed of (inner) chiastic structures reflected in some sense in the analogue outer chiasm.
Antimetabole – Repetition of words in successive clauses, in reverse order; Assonance – The repetition of vowel sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse; Asyndeton – Lack of conjunctions; Chiasmus – Reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses
Asyndeton: omission of conjunctions between related clauses. Chiasmus: two or more clauses related to each other through a reversal of structures in order to make a larger point. subordinate class to antimetabole. Climax: arrangement of words in an ascending order.
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Baldick concedes as much, when he writes that antimetabole is a "subtype" of chiasmus. John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address (1961) includes a well-known example of antimetabole: "...ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country." Corbett and Connors emphatically regard this as such, not as chiasmus.
The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms offers a much broader definition for zeugma by defining it as any case of parallelism and ellipsis working together so that a single word governs two or more parts of a sentence.