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The Congreve rocket was a type of rocket artillery designed by British inventor Sir William Congreve in 1808. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The design was based upon the rockets deployed by the Kingdom of Mysore against the East India Company during the Second , Third , and Fourth Anglo-Mysore Wars .
William Congreve was born in Stafford on 4 July 1742. He and his first wife, Rebecca Elmston, had four children together, two sons and two daughters. [1] His eldest son, William Congreve, invented the Congreve Rocket. [2] His second wife, Julia-Elizabeth Eyre, died aged 78 in 1831. [3] Congreve was made a Baronet on 7 December 1812. [4]
A portrait of Congreve by James Londale made c. 1812. Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet KCH FRS (20 May 1772 – 16 May 1828) was a British Army officer, Tory politician, publisher and inventor. [1] A pioneer in the field of rocket artillery, he was renowned for his development and use of Congreve rockets during the Napoleonic Wars. [2]
The British armed forces used Congreve's new rockets to great advantage during the Napoleonic and 1812 Wars. In 1939, researchers at the California Institute of Technology seeking to develop a high-performance solid rocket motor to assist aircraft take-off, combined black powder with common road asphalt to produce the first true composite motor.
Lower deck: 32-pound Congreve rockets HMS Erebus was originally built as a Royal Navy fireship , but served as a sloop and was re-rated as such in March 1808. She served in the Baltic during the Gunboat and Anglo-Russian Wars , where in 1809 she was briefly converted to a fireship, and then served in the War of 1812 .
French war powder in 1879 used the ratio 75% saltpeter, 12.5% charcoal, 12.5% sulfur. English war powder in 1879 used the ratio 75% saltpeter, 15% charcoal, 10% sulfur. [114] The British Congreve rockets used 62.4% saltpeter, 23.2% charcoal and 14.4% sulfur, but the British Mark VII gunpowder was changed to 65% saltpeter, 20% charcoal and 15% ...
The early Mysorean rockets and their successor British Congreve rockets [59] reduced veer somewhat by attaching a long stick to the end of a rocket (similar to modern bottle rockets) to make it harder for the rocket to change course. The largest of the Congreve rockets was the 32-pound (14.5 kg) Carcass, which had a 15-foot (4.6 m) stick.
One example was the innovative Congreve Rocket, designed and (from 1805) manufactured on site by William Congreve (son of the Comptroller of the Royal Laboratory). Thenceforward rocket manufacture became a key activity, carried out in purpose-built premises on the eastern edge of the site. Part of the early 19th-century Grand Store complex (2014)
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