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William Congreve at Copenhagen in 1804, by James Lonsdale Battle of Grochów 1831, painting of Bogdan Willewalde ca. 1850. Over the fighters can be seen exploding Polish Congreve rockets A Russian soldier depicted using the Congreve rocket. The Congreve rocket was a type of rocket artillery designed by British inventor Sir William Congreve in 1808.
William Congreve was born in Stafford on 4 July 1742. He and his first wife, Rebecca Elmston, had four children together, two sons and two daughters. [1] His eldest son, William Congreve, invented the Congreve Rocket. [2] His second wife, Julia-Elizabeth Eyre, died aged 78 in 1831. [3] Congreve was made a Baronet on 7 December 1812. [4]
A portrait of Congreve by James Londale made c. 1812. Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet KCH FRS (20 May 1772 – 16 May 1828) was a British Army officer, Tory politician, publisher and inventor. [1] A pioneer in the field of rocket artillery, he was renowned for his development and use of Congreve rockets during the Napoleonic Wars. [2]
In the 1780s there was fresh concern over security, quality and economy of supply. The deputy comptroller of the Royal Laboratory at Woolwich, Major, later Lieutenant General, Sir William Congreve advocated that the Waltham Abbey Mills should be purchased by the Crown to ensure secure supplies and to establish what would now be called a centre of excellence for development of manufacturing ...
French war powder in 1879 used the ratio 75% saltpeter, 12.5% charcoal, 12.5% sulfur. English war powder in 1879 used the ratio 75% saltpeter, 15% charcoal, 10% sulfur. [114] The British Congreve rockets used 62.4% saltpeter, 23.2% charcoal and 14.4% sulfur, but the British Mark VII gunpowder was changed to 65% saltpeter, 20% charcoal and 15% ...
British Rockets at Fort McHenry; Congreve, William (1827), A treatise on the general principles, powers, and facility of application of the Congreve Rocket system, as compared with artillery: Illustr. by pl. of the principal exercises and cases of actual service: With a demonstration of the comparative economy of the system. (Longman).
The early Mysorean rockets and their successor British Congreve rockets [59] reduced veer somewhat by attaching a long stick to the end of a rocket (similar to modern bottle rockets) to make it harder for the rocket to change course. The largest of the Congreve rockets was the 32-pound (14.5 kg) Carcass, which had a 15-foot (4.6 m) stick.
One example was the innovative Congreve Rocket, designed and (from 1805) manufactured on site by William Congreve (son of the Comptroller of the Royal Laboratory). Thenceforward rocket manufacture became a key activity, carried out in purpose-built premises on the eastern edge of the site. Part of the early 19th-century Grand Store complex (2014)