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Normal blood ammonia levels in adults range from 20 to 50 μmol/L or less than 26 to 30 μmol/L. [2] [3] [4] There is at present no clear scientific consensus on the upper limits of ammonia levels for different age groups. [4]
Still, the blood values are approximately equal between the arterial and venous sides for most substances, with the exception of acid–base, blood gases and drugs (used in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) assays). [6] Arterial levels for drugs are generally higher than venous levels because of extraction while passing through tissues. [6]
The diagnostic criteria for hyperammonemia is ammonia blood levels higher than 35 μmol/L. This is accomplished by observing urine ketones, organic acids, enzyme levels and activities, and plasma and urine amino acids. [5]
These missing or reduced enzymes make the process less efficient, allowing ammonia to build up in the bloodstream. High ammonia levels are toxic to the brain, causing a range of physical, neurological, and behavioral symptoms. UCDs can strike at any age.
Ammonia nitrogen: 1-2 ... Maintain calcium and phosphorus levels 1.7-4.1 ... Reference ranges for common blood tests; References
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency (CPS I deficiency) [1] is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that causes ammonia to accumulate in the blood due to a lack of the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I. Ammonia, which is formed when proteins are broken down in the body, is toxic if the levels become too high.
The reference ranges for the complete blood count represent the range of results found in 95% of apparently healthy people. [note 2] [35] By definition, 5% of results will always fall outside this range, so some abnormal results may reflect natural variation rather than signifying a medical issue. [36]
These abnormal levels are used as the main diagnostic criteria for diagnosing the disorder. This disorder is typically determined through the use of a urine analysis or blood panel. [12] Elevated levels of ammonia, glycine, and ketone bodies may also be present in the blood and urine. [6]
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