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Viruses are one of the most important risk factors for cancer development in humans. [2] Infection by some hepatitis viruses, especially hepatitis B and hepatitis C, can induce a long-term viral infection that leads to liver cancer in about 1 in 200 of people infected with hepatitis B each year (more in Asia, fewer in North America), and in ...
Oral infection with high-risk carcinogenic HPV types (most commonly HPV 16) [41] is associated with an increasing number of head and neck cancers. [69] [53] [70] [71] This association is independent of tobacco and alcohol use. [71] [72] [73] The local percentage varies widely, from 70% in the United States [74] to 4% in Brazil. [75]
A tumor marker is a biomarker that can be used to indicate the presence of cancer or the behavior of cancers (measure progression or response to therapy). They can be found in bodily fluids or tissue. Markers can help with assessing prognosis, surveilling patients after surgical removal of tumors, and even predicting drug-response and monitor ...
“Early onset colorectal cancer (colon cancer in persons under age 50) is on the rise, but in absolute numbers, the risk is low. So there are a lot of people at risk, but very few will develop ...
The most common as of 2018 are lung cancer (1.76 million deaths), colorectal cancer (860,000) stomach cancer (780,000), liver cancer (780,000), and breast cancer (620,000). [2] This makes invasive cancer the leading cause of death in the developed world and the second leading in the developing world . [ 24 ]
HPV+OPC presents in one of four ways: as an asymptomatic abnormality in the mouth found by the patient or a health professional such as a dentist; with local symptoms such as pain or infection at the site of the tumor; with difficulties of speech, swallowing, and/or breathing; or as a swelling in the neck (if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes).
Ductal carcinoma in situ, or DCIS, accounts for up to 25% of diagnosed breast cancers and affects more than 50,000 women each year, according to the American Cancer Society.
Cancer of the vagina is rare and is only 2% of all gynecological cancers and less than 0.5% of all cancers in women. [11] Estimated new cases in the United States in 2017 are 4,810. Deaths from vaginal cancer during the same time were 1,240. [14] It is more common in older women. [23] In the UK, 254 cases of vaginal cancer were identified in 2014.