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Each directory is a list of directory entries. Each directory entry associates one file name with one inode number, and consists of the inode number, the length of the file name, and the actual text of the file name. To find a file, the directory is searched front-to-back for the associated filename. For reasonable directory sizes, this is fine.
The attributes of a file are stored in the directory entry that describes the file, and optionally in the extended attribute record. To locate a file, the directory names in the file's path can be checked sequentially, going to the location of each directory to obtain the location of the subsequent subdirectory.
Such directories are optional, but if they exist, they have some requirements. /media: Mount points for removable media such as CD-ROMs (appeared in FHS-2.3 in 2004). /mnt: Temporarily mounted filesystems. /opt: Add-on application software packages. [7] /proc: Virtual filesystem providing process and kernel information as files. In Linux ...
Lists the contents of a directory in a standardized machine-readable format. MLST RFC 3659 Provides data about exactly the object named on its command line in a standardized machine-readable format. MODE RFC 959 Sets the transfer mode (Stream, Block, or Compressed). NLST RFC 959 Returns a list of file names in a specified directory. NOOP RFC 959
By default, the Single UNIX Specification (SUS) specifies that du is to display the file space allocated to each file and directory contained in the current directory. Links will be displayed as the size of the link file, not what is being linked to; the size of the content of directories is displayed, as expected.
ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3.. ext4 was initially a series of backward-compatible extensions to ext3, many of them originally developed by Cluster File Systems for the Lustre file system between 2003 and 2006, meant to extend storage limits and add other performance improvements. [4]
The file types addressed by individual file comparison apps varies but may include text, symbols, images, audio, or video. This category of software tool is often called "file comparison" or "diff tool", but those effectively are equivalent terms — where the term "diff" is more commonly associated with the Unix diff utility.
Unix directories do not contain files. Instead, they contain the names of files paired with references to so-called inodes, which in turn contain both the file and its metadata (owner, permissions, time of last access, etc., but no name). Multiple names in the file system may refer to the same file, a feature termed a hard link. [1]