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A dry-powder inhaler (DPI) is a device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder. DPIs are commonly used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and COPD although DPIs (such as inhalable insulin) have also been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. [1]
Inhalable insulin is a powdered form of insulin, delivered with an inhaler into the lungs where it is absorbed. [1] In general, inhaled insulins have been more rapidly absorbed than subcutaneous injected insulin, with faster peak concentration in serum and more rapid metabolism.
A wide range of volatile solvents intended for household or industrial use are inhaled as recreational drugs. This includes petroleum products (gasoline and kerosene), toluene (used in paint thinner, permanent markers, contact cement and model glue), and acetone (used in nail polish remover). These solvents vaporize at room temperature.
Toluene is widely used in the paint, dye, rubber, chemical, glue, printing, and pharmaceutical industries as a solvent. [38] Nail polish, paintbrush cleaners, and stain removers may contain toluene. Manufacturing of explosives (TNT) uses it as well. Toluene is also found in cigarette smoke and car exhaust.
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to diabetes mellitus (diabetes insipidus not included below): Diabetes mellitus – group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar , either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin , or because cells do not respond properly to the insulin that ...
2,4-Diaminotoluene, precursor to toluene diisocyanate and azo dye. 2,6-Diaminotoluene, a common impurity in 2,4-diaminotoluene 2,5-Diaminotoluene , precursor to hair dyes.
It is mainly used to manufacture toluene diisocyanate, which is a key raw material in polyurethane chemistry. [4] It is still the starting material used when non-phosgene methods of production of toluene diisocyanate are used. [5] [6] It is also a degradation product of polyurethane materials produced using toluene diisocyanate.