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  2. Animal cognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_cognition

    Perceptual categorization is said to occur when a person or animal responds in a similar way to a range of stimuli that share common features. For example, a squirrel climbs a tree when it sees Rex, Shep, or Trixie, which suggests that it categorizes all three as something to avoid. This sorting of instances into groups is crucial to survival.

  3. Visual cliff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_cliff

    During early development, infants begin to crawl, sit, and walk. These actions impact how the infants view depth perception. Thus, infant studies are an important part of the visual cliff. When an infant starts to engage in crawling, to sit, or walking, they use perception and action. During this time, infants begin to develop a fear of height.

  4. Multisensory integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multisensory_integration

    Multimodal perception is how animals form coherent, valid, and robust perception by processing sensory stimuli from various modalities. Surrounded by multiple objects and receiving multiple sensory stimulations, the brain is faced with the decision of how to categorize the stimuli resulting from different objects or events in the physical world.

  5. Spatial cognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_cognition

    In cognitive psychology, spatial cognition is the acquisition, organization, utilization, and revision of knowledge about spatial environments. It is most about how animals, including humans, behave within space and the knowledge they built around it, rather than space itself.

  6. Critical anthropomorphism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_anthropomorphism

    Critical anthropomorphism is an approach in the study of animal behavior that integrates scientific knowledge about a species, including its perceptual world, ecological context, and evolutionary history, to generate hypotheses through the lens of human intuition and understanding. [1]

  7. Sense of balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_of_balance

    It helps prevent humans and nonhuman animals from falling over when standing or moving. Equilibrioception is the result of a number of sensory systems working together; the eyes ( visual system ), the inner ears ( vestibular system ), and the body's sense of where it is in space ( proprioception ) ideally need to be intact.

  8. Tinbergen's four questions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinbergen's_four_questions

    The brain: For example, Broca's area, a small section of the human brain, has a critical role in linguistic capability. Hormones: Chemicals used to communicate among cells of an individual organism. Testosterone, for instance, stimulates aggressive behaviour in a number of species.

  9. Animal geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_geography

    The first wave of animal geography, known as zoogeography, came to prominence as a geographic subfield from the late 1800s through the early part of the 20th century.. During this time the study of animals was seen as a key part of the discipline and the goal was "the scientific study of animal life with reference to the distribution of animals on the earth and the mutual influence of ...

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