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  2. Electroplating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroplating

    The Hull cell is a type of test cell used to semi-quantitatively check the condition of an electroplating bath. It measures useable current density range, optimization of additive concentration, recognition of impurity effects, and indication of macro throwing power capability. [14] The Hull cell replicates the plating bath on a lab scale.

  3. Electrolytic cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytic_cell

    Important examples of electrolysis are the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen, and bauxite into aluminum and other chemicals. Electroplating (e.g., of copper, silver, nickel, or chromium) is done using an electrolytic cell. Electrolysis is a technique that uses a direct electric current (DC).

  4. Electrochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemistry

    There are various important electrochemical processes in both nature and industry, like the coating of objects with metals or metal oxides through electrodeposition, the addition (electroplating) or removal (electropolishing) of thin layers of metal from an object's surface, [33] and the detection of alcohol in drunk drivers through the redox ...

  5. Electrochemical cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_cell

    Important examples of electrolysis are the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen, and of bauxite into aluminium and other chemicals. Electroplating (e.g. of Copper, Silver, Nickel or Chromium) is done using an electrolytic cell. Electrolysis is a technique that uses a direct electric current (DC).

  6. Copper electroplating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_electroplating

    Copper plating on aluminium. Copper electroplating is the process of electroplating a layer of copper onto the surface of a metal object. Copper is used both as a standalone coating and as an undercoat onto which other metals are subsequently plated. [1]

  7. Polarization (electrochemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization...

    the self-discharge rate increases in electrochemical cells. Each of these immediate consequences has multiple secondary effects. For instance, heat affects the crystalline structure of the electrode material. This in turn can influence reaction rate, and/or accelerate dendrite formation, and/or deform the plates, and/or precipitate thermal runaway.

  8. Thin film - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film

    Plating relies on liquid precursors, often a solution of water with a salt of the metal to be deposited. Some plating processes are driven entirely by reagents in the solution (usually for noble metals), but by far the most commercially important process is electroplating.

  9. Lubomyr Romankiw - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubomyr_Romankiw

    Vertical Paddle Cell. This is a follow on invention of the previous one, also with a reciprocating paddle for electroplating, but in a vertical configuration, enabling easier and faster loading / unloading of wafers, and also avoiding particle dropping from anode. 9. US patent 4,102,756,. [25]