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In the military, the role of executioner was performed by a soldier, such as the provost. A common stereotype of an executioner is a hooded medieval or absolutist executioner. Symbolic or real, executioners were rarely hooded, and not robed in all black; hoods were only used if an executioner's identity and anonymity were to be preserved from ...
Executioner's sword (16th century) A decapitation scene as shown in Cosmographia universalis of Sebastian Münster (1552). An executioner's sword is a sword designed specifically for decapitation of condemned criminals (as opposed to combat). These swords were intended for two-handed use, but were lacking a point, so that their overall blade ...
In 1305, the Scottish knight Sir William Wallace, a primary leader of the First War of Scottish Independence, was punished in a similar manner. He was forced to wear a crown of laurel leaves and was drawn to Smithfield , where he was hanged, cut down before dying, emasculated and eviscerated, and then beheaded.
Sir Rhys ap Thomas (1449–1525), knight banneret and Knight of the Garter.. A knight banneret, sometimes known simply as banneret, was a medieval knight who led a company of troops during time of war under his own banner (which was square-shaped, in contrast to the tapering standard or the pennon flown by the lower-ranking knights) and was eligible to bear supporters in English heraldry.
When taken from a living subject, such a cast is called a life mask. In some European countries, it was common for death masks to be used as part of the effigy of the deceased, displayed at state funerals; the coffin portrait was an alternative. Mourning portraits were also painted, showing the subject lying in repose. During the 18th and 19th ...
A conical hennin with black velvet lappets (brim) and a sheer veil, 1485–90. The hennin (French: hennin / ˈ h ɛ n ɪ n /; [1] possibly from Flemish Dutch: henninck meaning cock or rooster) [N 1] was a headdress in the shape of a cone, steeple, or truncated cone worn in the Late Middle Ages by European women of the nobility. [2]
The same process took place in the Byzantine world over the same period, which again retains early medieval styles in Eastern Orthodox vestments. Secular (i.e. non-monastic) clergy usually wore a white alb, or loose tunic, tied at the waist with a cord (formally called a cincture), when not conducting services. [9]
Chaperon is a diminutive of chape, which derives, like the English cap, cape and cope, from the Late Latin cappa, which already could mean cap, cape or hood ().. The tail of the hood, often quite long, was called the tippit [2] or liripipe in English, and liripipe or cornette in French.