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  2. Instrumental and value-rational action - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_value...

    Instrumental action has "nonpublic and actor-relative reasons," and value-rational action "publicly defensible and actor-independent reasons". [ 11 ] In addition, he proposed a new kind of social action—communicative—necessary to explain how individual instrumental action becomes prescribed in legitimate patterns of social interaction, thus ...

  3. Instrumental and value rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_value...

    (1) instrumentally rational (zweckrational), that is, determined by expectations as to the behavior of objects in the environment and of other human beings; these expectations are used as "conditions" or "means" for the attainment of the actor's own rationally pursued and calculated ends; (2) value-rational (wertrational), that is, determined ...

  4. Rational choice model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_model

    The rational agent will then perform their own cost–benefit analysis using a variety of criterion to perform their self-determined best choice of action. One version of rationality is instrumental rationality , which involves achieving a goal using the most cost effective method without reflecting on the worthiness of that goal.

  5. Rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationality

    However, this usually ignores the human limitations of the mind. Given these limitations, various discrepancies may be necessary (and in this sense rational) to get the most useful results. [6] [12] [1] For example, the ideal rational norms of decision theory demand that the agent should always choose the option with the highest expected value ...

  6. Decision theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_theory

    The mythological judgement of Paris required selecting from three incomparable alternatives (the goddesses shown).. Decision theory or the theory of rational choice is a branch of probability, economics, and analytic philosophy that uses the tools of expected utility and probability to model how individuals would behave rationally under uncertainty.

  7. Instrumental and intrinsic value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_and_intrinsic...

    Instrumental rational (zweckrational): action "determined by expectations as to the behavior of objects in the environment of other human beings; these expectations are used as 'conditions' or 'means' for the attainment of the actor's own rationally pursued and calculated ends."

  8. Unintended consequences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unintended_consequences

    Instrumental and value-rational action – Philosophical terms; Knightian uncertainty – Lack of quantifiable knowledge in economics; Map–territory relation – Relationship between an object and a representation of that object; Moral hazard – Increases in the exposure to risk when insured, or when another bears the cost

  9. Communicative rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicative_rationality

    According to Habermas, the "substantive" (i.e. formally and semantically integrated) rationality that characterized pre-modern worldviews has, since modern times, been emptied of its content and divided into three purely "formal" realms: (1) cognitive-instrumental reason; (2) moral-practical reason; and (3) aesthetic-expressive reason.