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Ptolemy's theorem states that the sum of the products of the lengths of opposite sides is equal to the product of the lengths of the diagonals. When those side-lengths are expressed in terms of the sin and cos values shown in the figure above, this yields the angle sum trigonometric identity for sine: sin( α + β ) = sin α cos β + cos α sin ...
For example, the constant π may be defined as the ratio of the length of a circle's circumference to its diameter. The following list includes a decimal expansion and set containing each number, ordered by year of discovery. The column headings may be clicked to sort the table alphabetically, by decimal value, or by set.
Thus, for example, / = is a constructible angle because 15 is the product of the Fermat primes 3 and 5. Similarly π / 12 = 15 ∘ {\displaystyle \pi /12=15^{\circ }} is a constructible angle because 12 is a power of two (4) times a Fermat prime (3).
Basis of trigonometry: if two right triangles have equal acute angles, they are similar, so their corresponding side lengths are proportional.. In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) [1] are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths.
Trigonometry (from Ancient Greek τρίγωνον (trígōnon) ' triangle ' and μέτρον (métron) ' measure ') [1] is a branch of mathematics concerned with relationships between angles and side lengths of triangles.
The quantity 206 265 ″ is approximately equal to the number of arcseconds in a circle (1 296 000 ″), divided by 2π, or, the number of arcseconds in 1 radian. The exact formula is = (″) and the above approximation follows when tan X is replaced by X.
The constant π (pi) has a natural definition in Euclidean geometry as the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle. It may be found in many other places in mathematics: for example, the Gaussian integral, the complex roots of unity, and Cauchy distributions in probability. However, its ubiquity is not limited to pure mathematics.
This following list features abbreviated names of mathematical functions, function-like operators and other mathematical terminology. This list is limited to abbreviations of two or more letters (excluding number sets). The capitalization of some of these abbreviations is not standardized – different authors might use different capitalizations.