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Microbiology (from Ancient Greek μῑκρος (mīkros) 'small' βίος (bíos) 'life' and -λογία () 'study of') is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular (single-celled), multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or acellular (lacking cells).
Food microbiology laboratory at the Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. The branches of microbiology can be classified into pure and applied sciences. [1] Microbiology can be also classified based on taxonomy, in the cases of bacteriology, mycology, protozoology, and phycology.
Different kinds of living creatures studied in life sciences top: microorganisms (E. coli bacteria) and an animal (Goliath beetle) bottom: a plant (tree fern) and humans Part of a series on Science General History Literature Method Philosophy Branches Formal Natural Physical Life Social Applied In society Communication Community Education Funding Policy Pseudoscience Scientist Science portal ...
He was one of the first scientists to focus on the isolation of bacteria in pure culture. This gave rise to the germ theory, a certain microorganism being responsible for a certain disease. He developed a series of criteria around this that have become known as the Koch's postulates. [7] A major milestone in medical microbiology is the Gram stain.
Microbiology – study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things. Bacteriology – study of bacteria; Immunology – study of immune systems in all organisms. Mycology – study of fungi; Parasitology – study of parasites and parasitism. Virology – study of viruses; Biochemistry
The work of Pasteur and Koch did not accurately reflect the true diversity of the microbial world because of their exclusive focus on microorganisms having direct medical relevance. It was not until the work of Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky late in the nineteenth century that the true breadth of microbiology was revealed. [23]
Bacteria are also used for the bioremediation of industrial toxic wastes. [230] In the chemical industry, bacteria are most important in the production of enantiomerically pure chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals or agrichemicals. [231] Bacteria can also be used in place of pesticides in biological pest control.
Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food.This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; pathogens that may cause disease (especially if food is improperly cooked or stored); microbes used to produce fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, bread, beer, and wine; and microbes with other useful roles, such as producing ...