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  2. Thing-in-itself - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thing-in-itself

    In Kantian philosophy, the thing-in-itself (German: Ding an sich) is the status of objects as they are, independent of representation and observation. The concept of the thing-in-itself was introduced by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant , and over the following centuries was met with controversy among later philosophers. [ 1 ]

  3. Existential nihilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_nihilism

    Existential nihilism is the philosophical theory that life has no objective meaning or purpose. [1] The inherent meaninglessness of life is largely explored in the philosophical school of existentialism, where one can potentially create their own subjective "meaning" or "purpose".

  4. Nihilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism

    Nihilism is a family of views that reject or negate certain aspects of existence. [21] Different forms of nihilism deny different features of reality. For example, existential nihilism denies that life has a higher meaning and moral nihilism rejects the existence of moral phenomena.

  5. Purity and Danger - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purity_and_Danger

    The line of inquiry in Purity and Danger traces the words and meaning of dirt in different contexts. What is regarded as dirt in a given society is any matter considered out of place. (Douglas took that lead from William James.) She attempted to clarify the differences between the sacred, the clean and the unclean in different societies and ...

  6. Delphic maxims - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphic_maxims

    Interest in "nothing too much" dropped off during the medieval era, but it was frequently cited in the literature of the 16th and 17th centuries (often in its Latin form, ne quid nimis). [24] From this time onward, the rule of moderation enjoined by the maxim has been more frequently applied to physical pleasures than to emotional states. [25]

  7. Being and Nothingness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being_and_Nothingness

    More precisely, the For-itself's necessary connection with the In-itself, with the world and its own past. Freedom: The very being of the For-itself which is "condemned to be free". It must forever choose for itself and therefore make itself. Nothingness (néant): Although not having being, it is supported by being. It comes into the world by ...

  8. Nothing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing

    Nothing, no-thing, or no thing, is the complete absence of anything as the opposite of something and an antithesis of everything. The concept of nothing has been a matter of philosophical debate since at least the 5th century BC.

  9. Why is there anything at all? - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_is_there_anything_at_all?

    Philosopher Brian Leftow has argued that the question cannot have a causal explanation (as any cause must itself have a cause) or a contingent explanation (as the factors giving the contingency must pre-exist), and that if there is an answer, it must be something that exists necessarily (i.e., something that just exists, rather than is caused).