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The Osmeriformes / ɒ s ˈ m ɛ r ɪ f ɔːr m iː z / are an order of ray-finned fish that includes the true or freshwater smelts and allies, such as the galaxiids and noodlefishes; they are also collectively called osmeriforms. They belong to the teleost superorder Protacanthopterygii, which also includes pike and salmon, among others.
Clupeiformes / ˈ k l uː p iː ɪ f ɔːr m iː z / is the order of ray-finned fish that includes the herring family, Clupeidae, and the anchovy family, Engraulidae. The group includes many of the most important forage and food fish. Clupeiformes are physostomes, which means that their gas bladder has a pneumatic duct connecting it to the gut.
Moythomasia (named for James Alan Moy-Thomas) [1] is an extinct genus of early ray-finned fish from the Devonian period of Europe and Australia. Moythomasia was a small freshwater fish, 9 centimetres (3.5 in) long. It had relatively large eyes, presumably to find prey in murky water.
Ophidiiformes / ɒ ˈ f ɪ d i. ɪ f ɔːr m iː z / is an order of ray-finned fish that includes the cusk-eels (family Ophidiidae), pearlfishes (family Carapidae), viviparous brotulas (family Bythitidae), and others.
Actinopterygii (/ ˌ æ k t ɪ n ɒ p t ə ˈ r ɪ dʒ i aɪ /; from actino- 'having rays' and Ancient Greek πτέρυξ (ptérux) 'wing, fins'), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish [2] that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. [3]
Redfieldiiformes is an extinct order of ray-finned fish (actinopterygians) which lived from the Early Triassic to Early Jurassic. Redfieldiiforms were fairly typical Triassic fish in overall anatomy. They had a fusiform (streamlined, tuna-like) body shape with thick, ganoine-covered scales.
The hardhead has an elongated, slender body which is brown to dusky bronze above, the larger fish being darkest, with silver sides. The dorsal fin has its origin behind that of the pelvic fin, It has 69–81 scales on its lateral line; the dorsal fin has 8 rays. The jaws are not extendable and there is a premaxillary frenum.
Chrysoblephus sea breams are characterised by, typically, having scales between the eye, only C. lophus is the exception. They also have scales on the flange of the preoperculum and on the bases of the dorsal and anal fins. Each jaw has 4-6 canine-like teeth at the front and three rows of small molar-like teeth behind those.