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There may be no symptoms but, when symptoms are present, the most common is upper abdominal pain (see dyspepsia). [1] Other possible symptoms include nausea and vomiting, bloating, loss of appetite and heartburn. [1] [2] Complications may include stomach bleeding, stomach ulcers, and stomach tumors. [1]
[1] [7] An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer, while one in the first part of the intestines is a duodenal ulcer. [1] The most common symptoms of a duodenal ulcer are waking at night with upper abdominal pain, and upper abdominal pain that improves with eating. [1] With a gastric ulcer, the pain may worsen with eating. [8]
Stomach cancers usually occur due to fluctuations in acidity level and may present with vague symptoms of abdominal fullness, weight loss and pain. The actual cause of stomach cancer is not known but has been linked to infection with Helicobacter pylori , pernicious anemia , Menetriere's disease, and nitrogenous preservatives in food.
Anti-ulcer agents are medications or supplements used to cure the damage of mucosal layer on organs to prevent the damage from further extending to deeper regions to cause complications. An anti-ulcer medication for treating mouth ulcer is triamcinolone, a corticosteroid. Other anti-ulcer supplements include vitamin B2 and vitamin B12.
The primary goal of the treatment is not only temporary relief of symptoms but also total elimination of H. pylori infection. Patients with active duodenal or gastric ulcers and those with a prior ulcer history should be tested for H. pylori. Appropriate therapy should be given for eradication.
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomach for decades in most people, and induces chronic gastritis, a long-lasting inflammation of the stomach. In most cases symptoms are never experienced but about 10–20% of those infected will ultimately develop gastric and duodenal ulcers, and have a possible 1–2% lifetime risk of gastric cancer. [65]
The ulcer is known initially as a peptic ulcer before the ulcer burns through the full thickness of the stomach or duodenal wall. A diagnosis is made by taking an erect abdominal/chest X-ray (seeking air under the diaphragm). This is in fact one of the very few occasions in modern times where surgery is undertaken to treat an ulcer. [3]