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Authenticated Encryption (AE) is an encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message is impossible to understand without the knowledge of a secret key [1]) and authenticity (in other words, it is unforgeable: [2] the encrypted message includes an authentication tag that the sender can calculate only while possessing the ...
Informally, a message authentication code system consists of three algorithms: A key generation algorithm selects a key from the key space uniformly at random. A MAC generation algorithm efficiently returns a tag given the key and the message. A verifying algorithm efficiently verifies the authenticity of the message given the same key and the tag.
Because asymmetric key algorithms are nearly always much more computationally intensive than symmetric ones, it is common to use a public/private asymmetric key-exchange algorithm to encrypt and exchange a symmetric key, which is then used by symmetric-key cryptography to transmit data using the now-shared symmetric key for a symmetric key ...
Attribute-based encryption is a generalisation of public-key encryption which enables fine grained access control of encrypted data using authorisation policies.The secret key of a user and the ciphertext are dependent upon attributes (e.g. their email address, the country in which they live, or the kind of subscription they have).
Example of a Key Derivation Function chain as used in the Signal Protocol.The output of one KDF function is the input to the next KDF function in the chain. In cryptography, a key derivation function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master key, a password, or a passphrase using a pseudorandom function (which typically uses a ...
All algorithms support authenticated encryption with plaintext P and additional authenticated data A (that remains unencrypted). The encryption input also includes a public nonce N, the output - authentication tag T, size of the ciphertext C is the same as that of P. The decryption uses N, A, C, and T as inputs and produces either P or signals ...
SocialDocs file encryption uses AES256 to provide a free-online file encryption tool XFire uses AES-128, AES-192 and AES 256 to encrypt usernames and passwords Certain games and engines, such as the Rockstar Advanced Game Engine used in Grand Theft Auto IV , use AES to encrypt game assets in order to deter hacking in multiplayer.
In cryptography, MISTY1 (or MISTY-1) is a block cipher designed in 1995 by Mitsuru Matsui and others for Mitsubishi Electric. [2] [3]MISTY1 is one of the selected algorithms in the European NESSIE project, and has been among the cryptographic techniques recommended for Japanese government use by CRYPTREC in 2003; however, it was dropped to "candidate" by CRYPTREC revision in 2013.