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It is also reported that controlling flow inside a droplet is a powerful way to generate a uniform film; for example, by harnessing solutal Marangoni flows occurring during evaporation. [ 8 ] Mixtures of low boiling point and high boiling point solvents were shown to suppress the coffee ring effect, changing the shape of a deposited solute from ...
A mass (air) flow sensor (MAF) is a sensor used to determine the mass flow rate of air entering a fuel-injected internal combustion engine. The air mass information is necessary for the engine control unit (ECU) to balance and deliver the correct fuel mass to the engine.
Intake air temperature -40 215 °C 10: 16: 2 Mass air flow sensor (MAF) air flow rate 0 655.35 g/s + 11: 17: 1 Throttle position 0 100 % 12: 18: 1 Commanded secondary air status Bit encoded. See below: 13: 19: 1 Oxygen sensors present (in 2 banks)
MAP sensor data can be converted to air mass data by using a second variable coming from an IAT Sensor (intake air temperature sensor). This is called the speed-density method. Engine speed (RPM) is also used to determine where on a look up table to determine fuelling, hence speed-density (engine speed / air density).
In fluid dynamics, aerodynamic potential flow codes or panel codes are used to determine the fluid velocity, and subsequently the pressure distribution, on an object. This may be a simple two-dimensional object, such as a circle or wing, or it may be a three-dimensional vehicle.
A mass flow controller is designed and calibrated to control a specific type of liquid or gas at a particular range of flow rates. The MFC can be given a setpoint from 0 to 100% of its full scale range but is typically operated in the 10 to 90% of full scale where the best accuracy is achieved.
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When the sensor is dipped in ethanol and then taken out to evaporate, the instrument shows progressively lower temperature as the ethanol evaporates. Rain evaporating after falling on hot pavement Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. [ 1 ]